Quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis at dustira hospital using the SNOT-22 questionnaire

Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses that persists for more than 12 weeks and significantly impairs patients’ quality of life. Persistent symptoms, including nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, and sleep disturbances, can interfere with daily activities and overall well-being. This study aimed to describe the quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis at the ENT-HNS Polyclinic of Dustira Hospital using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) questionnaire. This descriptive observational study employed a cross-sectional design. The study included patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria between October 2025 and January 2026. Total sampling was used. Data were collected using the SNOT-22 questionnaire and analyzed using univariate analysis. A total of 35 patients were included in the study. Most patients were adults aged 18–59 years (91.4%) and female (71.4%). The most common occupations were housewives (25.7%) and students (25.7%). Based on SNOT-22 scores, 85.7% of patients experienced severe impairment in quality of life. The highest scores were observed in the nasal symptoms, sleep dysfunction, and psychological distress domains. The most frequently reported symptoms were nasal obstruction, excessive nasal secretion, and sleep disturbances. In conclusion, most patients with chronic rhinosinusitis experienced severe impairment in quality of life, particularly in the domains of nasal symptoms, sleep dysfunction, and psychological well-being.

DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v5n1.p8-13

REFERENCES

1. Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, Hellings PW, Kern R, Reitsma S, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020. Rhinology. 2020;58(Suppl S29):1–464.

2. Orlandi RR, Kingdom TT. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: rhinosinusitis 2021. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2021;11(3):213–739.

3. Nyaiteera V, Nakku D, Nakassaga E, Llovet E, Nakalema G. The burden of chronic rhinosinusitis and its effect on quality of life among patients re-attending an otolaryngology clinic in south western Uganda. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2018;18:10.

4. DeConde AS, Mace JC. A review of the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis on quality of life, work, and sleep. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016;16:9.

5. Smith SS, Ference E, Evans CT, Tan BK, Kern RC. The prevalence of bacterial infection in acute rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(1):57–69.

6. Sedaghat AR, Kuan EC, Scadding GK. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: prevalence and risk factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022.

7. Setiawan I. Maxillary rhinosinusitis profile in General Hospital of Haji Surabaya on January–December 2017. J Ilmu Kesehat Dokter Keluarga. 2021;17(1).

8. Purnamawulan ND, Sudiro M, Wijana. Karakteristik rinosinusitis kronis sekunder di Klinik Rinologi Alergi THT-KL RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode 2021–2022 [thesis]. Bandung: Universitas Padjadjaran; 2023.

9. Hopkins C, Gillett S, Slack R, Lund VJ, Browne JP. Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(5):447–454.

10. Lengari YRB, Sutanegara SWD, Dewantara IPS. Kualitas hidup penderita rinosinusitis kronis yang menjalani irigasi nasal di Poli THT-KL Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah Denpasar Bali periode Februari 2020–April 2021. J Med Udayana. 2023;12(2).

11. Tobing J, Pakpahan EA, Dalimunthe RA. Gambaran kualitas hidup penderita rinosinusitis kronis berdasarkan Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Kota Medan. J Sos Humaniora. 2024;8(1):286–297.

12. Indra PFC, Siregar SM. Gambaran kualitas hidup penderita rinosinusitis kronis berdasarkan Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 di Rumah Sakit Umum Deli Serdang. J Ilm Kohesi. 2020;4(2):106–110.

13. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Kategori usia [Internet]. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; [cited 2026 Sep 8]. Available from: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/kategori-usia

14. Liu M, Liu J. The predictive utility of the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22): a scoping review. Wiley Online Library. 2021.

15. Harvey R. What is the SNOT-22 questionnaire and why do rhinologists use it? 2023 Feb 21.

16. Alfath MI. Gambaran kualitas hidup terhadap pasien rinosinusitis kronik (RSK) dengan menggunakan SNOT-22 pada pasien rawat jalan di Poliklinik THT Rumah Sakit Pelamonia [thesis]. Makassar: Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar; 2024.

17. Mullol J, Azar A, Buchheit KM, Hopkins C, Bernstein JA. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: quality of life in the biologics era. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022;10(6):1434–1453.

18. Kurono Y. Immunological and physiological responses of nasal mucosa and the role in nasal pathology. Folia Pharmacol Jpn. 2002.

19. Walters ZA, Sedaghat AR, Phillips KM. Acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis: the current state of knowledge. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2022;7:935–942.

20. Derbarsegian A, Adams SM, Phillips KM, Sedaghat AR. The burden of migraine on quality of life in chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2023;133(12):3279–3284.